Supplementation of the Plant Conditioner ELICE Vakcina® Product with ß-Aminobutyric Acid and Salicylic Acid May Lead to Trans-Priming Signaling in Barley (Hordeum vulgare).

Plant immunological memory, priming, is a defense mechanism that can be triggered by external stimuli, leading to the activation of biochemical pathways and preparing plants for disease resistance. Plant conditioners improve yield and crop quality through nutrient efficiency and abiotic stress tolerance, which is enhanced by the addition of resistance- and priming-induced compounds. Based on this hypothesis, this study aimed to investigate plant responses to priming actives of different natures, including salicylic acid and beta-aminobutyric acid, in combination with the plant conditioning agent ELICE Vakcina®. Phytotron experiments and RNA-Seq analyses of differentially expressed genes using the combinations of these three investigated compounds were performed in a barley culture to investigate possible synergistic relationships in the genetic regulatory network. The results indicated a strong regulation of defense responses, which was enhanced by supplemental treatments; however, both synergistic and antagonistic effects were enhanced with one or two components, depending on the supplementation. The overexpressed transcripts were functionally annotated to assess their involvement in jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling; however, their determinant genes were highly dependent on the supplemental treatments. Although the effects overlapped, the potential effects of trans-priming the two supplements tested could be largely separated.

Corrigendum to "Natural immunity stimulation using ELICE16INDURES® plant conditioner in field culture of soybean" [Heliyon 9 (1), (January 2023) Article e12907].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12907.].

'Garlic-lipo'4Plants: Liposome-Encapsulated Garlic Extract Stimulates ABA Pathway and PR Genes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Recently, environmentally friendly crop improvements using next-generation plant biostimulants (PBs) come to the forefront in agriculture, regardless of whether they are used by scientists, farmers, or industries. Various organic and inorganic solutions have been investigated by researchers and producers, focusing on tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, crop quality, or nutritional deficiency. Garlic has been considered a universal remedy ever since antiquity. A supercritical carbon dioxide garlic extract encapsulated in nanoscale liposomes composed of plant-derived lipids was examined as a possible PB agent. The present study focused on the characterization of the genes associated with the pathways involved in defense response triggered by the liposome nanoparticles that were loaded with supercritical garlic extracts. This material was applied to Triticum aestivum in greenhouse experiments using foliar spraying. The effects were examined in a large-scale genome-wide transcriptional profiling experiment by collecting the samples four times (0 min, used as a control, and 15 min, 24 h, and 48 h after spraying). Based on a time-course expression analysis, the dynamics of the cellular response were determined by examining differentially expressed genes and applying a cluster analysis. The results suggested an enhanced expression of abscisic acid (ABA) pathway and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, of which positive regulation was found for the AP2-, C2H2-, HD-ZIP-, and MYB-related transcription factor families.

Natural immunity stimulation using ELICE16INDURES® plant conditioner in field culture of soybean.

Recently, climate change has had an increasing impact on the world. Innate defense mechanisms operating in plants - such as PAMP-triggered Immunity (PTI) - help to reduce the adverse effects caused by various abiotic and biotic stressors. In this study, the effects of ELICE16INDURES® plant conditioner for organic farming, developed by the Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd. Budakalász Hungary, were studied in a soybean population in Northern Hungary. The active compounds and ingredients of this product were selected in such a way as to facilitate the triggering of general plant immunity without the presence and harmful effects of pathogens, thereby strengthening the healthy plant population and preparing it for possible stress effects. In practice, treatments of this agent were applied at two different time points and two concentrations. The conditioning effect was well demonstrated by using agro-drone and ENDVI determination in the soybean field. The genetic background of healthier plants was investigated by NGS sequencing, and by the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in the catalysis of metabolic pathways regulating PTI. The genome-wide transcriptional profiling resulted in 13 contigs related to PAMP-triggered immunity and activated as a result of the treatments. Further analyses showed 16 additional PTI-related contigs whose gene expression changed positively as a result of the treatments. The gene expression values of genes encoded in these contigs were determined by in silico mRNA quantification and validated by RT-qPCR. Both - relatively low and high treatments - showed an increase in gene expression of key genes involving AOC, IFS, MAPK4, MEKK, and GST. Transcriptomic results indicated that the biosyntheses of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, phytoalexin, and cellular detoxification processes were triggered in the appropriate molecular steps and suggested that plant immune reactions may be activated also artificially, and innate immunity can be enhanced with proper plant biostimulants.

Dataset of conditioning effect of herbal extract-based plant biostimulants in pea (Pisum sativum).

Nowadays, many researchers, farmers and companies focus on the development of an environmentally friendly approach for enhancing field vegetable production and protection. Using next-generation plant biostimulants (PBs) could be effective to enhance tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, vegetable crop quality or nutrient efficiency which is particularly important for vegetables with a short growing season, such as Pisum sativum. Two herbal drug-containing plant conditioners Elice16Indures® (supercritical carbon dioxide extract SC-CO2) and Fitokondi® (aqueous extract) developed in the RIMPH Ltd (Hungary) were used in pea field experiments to monitor the potential of enhancing crop quality and defense response against different stress factors. Fresh leaves were collected after treatments for QuantSeq 3' mRNA sequencing at Illumina NextSeq 550 platform and libraries were investigated by genome-wide transcriptional profiling focusing on genes associated with defense response pathways. RNA quantification datasets are presented and 86 bp long sequence reads were pre-processed and assembled that were deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Sequence Read Archive (SRA) and Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly (TSA) databases under the BioProject PRJNA870114. Functional annotation of transcripts and pairwise differential expression with enrichment analyses are presented here to support gene expression analysis experiments.

RNA-seq datasets of field rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultures conditioned by Elice16Indures® biostimulator.

Elice16Indures® Plant Conditioner combines the effects of a number of herbs to increase the yield of dicotyledonous plants in the field. This crop enhancer can also be used in organic farming applying low doses with ULV spraying by drone. Reducing the ecological footprint is the basis for sustainable crop production. By using the crop enhancer, a better crop can be achieved with less impact on the environment. EU Member States attach great importance to rapeseed (Brassica napus). Due to its versatility, it is one of the supported plants. Plant conditioner applied in different phenological phases (BBCH 51 and BBCH 67) of winter oilseed rape at a dose of 240 g/ha of. By using Elice16Indures, the value of the vegetation index and the yield can be increased. RNA-seq data set of field Elice16Indures-treated and non-treated (control) rapeseed plants are presented. For RNA-seq experiments, two samples were taken from leaf tissues in the phenological phase of BBCH 69 from control and treated plots, 2 days after treatment. Illumina NextSeq 550 sequence reads were uploaded to the NCBI SRA database after preprocessing. Combined read sets were de novo assembled and functional annotation with the output transcripts were performed. The entire dataset of identified coding sequences (transcripts) was deposited in the NCBI TSA database. The SRA and TSA datasets are under the BioProject access PRJNA838472. The data series reported in this study may open up new opportunities to increase the efficiency of organic rapeseed production.

Plasmid sequence dataset of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales isolated from hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plant.

We present plasmid sequences of 21 multidrug resistant isolates of Enterobacterales belonging to Escherichia coli (n=10), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=9), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=1), and Citrobacter freundii (n=1). The isolates originated from effluent collected from hospital sewer pipes and from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in a southwestern Hungarian city. Isolation was carried out using eosin methylene blue agar supplemented with ceftriaxone and the isolates were identified with MALDI-TOF MS. Screening for multidrug resistance was conducted by determining susceptibility to four chemical classes namely, beta-lactams, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and sulfonamide. Plasmid DNA was isolated by alkaline lysis method using the Monarch plasmid DNA miniprep kit from freshly grown pure colonies. Molecular typing and Illumina sequencing of plasmid DNA of multiresistant strains were performed. After the assembly of contigs, genes localized on plasmid sequences were determined and functionally annotated. These reconstructed plasmid sequences supplemented with gene functional annotations were deposited in the Mendeley data. Using these datasets different plasmid incompatibility groups were identified. These conjugative plasmids appear to play a key role in the transmission of multiple resistance genes in enteric bacteria via wastewater. The presented data may provide useful insight on the correlations between environmental antibiotic contamination and the development of bacterial resistance, which poses a serious public health threat.

Liposomal Formulation of Botanical Extracts may Enhance Yield Triggering PR Genes and Phenylpropanoid Pathway in Barley (Hordeum vulgare).

This work aimed to study the plant conditioning effect and mode of action of a plant-based biostimulant used in organic farming. This new generation plant biostimulant, named ELICE16INDURES®, is rich in plant bio-active ingredients containing eleven supercritical botanical extracts encapsulated in nano-scale liposomes. The dose-response (10 to 240 g ha-1) relationship was tested in a field population of autumn barley (Hordeum vulgare) test crop, and underlying molecular mechanisms were studied. Applying nanotechnology, cell-identical nanoparticles may help the better uptake and delivery of active ingredients increasing resilience, vitality, and crop yield. The amount of harvested crops showed a significant increase of 27.5% and 39.9% interconnected to higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of 20% and 25% after the treatment of low and high dosages (20 and 240 g ha-1), respectively. Illumina NextSeq 550 sequencing, gene expression profiling, and KEGG-pathway analysis of outstanding dosages indicated the upregulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) and other genes-associated with induced resistance-which showed dose dependency as well.

Transcriptome profiling dataset of different developmental stage flowers of soybean (Glycine max).

The dynamic of flower development is a key agronomic characteristic affecting soybean yield. RNA-seq dataset of field-cultivated soybean flowers in four developmental stages including flower buds, and early, mature, and overblown stage flowers are reported in this paper. Gene Expression (Gex) library construction and Illumina NextSeq550 sequencing were carried out to produce 86 bp long forward reads. Reads were preprocessed and deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive (NCBI SRA) database. These SRA depositions are under the BioProject accession: PRJNA807844. A reference transcriptome dataset was de novo assembled using these SRA reads. Annotation, differential expression, and gene set enrichment analyses were performed and deposited in the Mendeley Data.

Characterization of ß-Lactamases and Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Enterobacterales from Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Antimicrobials in wastewater promote the emergence of antibiotic resistance, facilitated by selective pressure and transfer of resistant genes. Enteric bacteria belonging to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter species (n = 126) from hospital effluents and proximate wastewater treatment plant were assayed for susceptibility to four antimicrobial classes. The ß-lactamase encoding genes harbored in plasmids were genotyped and the plasmids were sequenced. A multidrug resistance phenotype was found in 72% (n = 58) of E. coli isolates, 70% (n = 43) of Klebsiella species isolates, and 40% (n = 25) of Enterobacter and Citrobacter species. Moreover, 86% (n = 50) of E. coli, 77% (n = 33) of Klebsiella species, and 25% (n = 4) of Citrobacter species isolates phenotypically expressed extended spectrum ß-lactamase. Regarding ESBL genes, blaCTX-M-27 and blaTEM-1 were found in E. coli, while Klebsiella species harbored blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-30, or blaSHV-12. Genes coding for aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, adenylyltransferases (aadA1, aadA5), phosphotransferases (aph(6)-1d, aph(3″)-Ib), acetyltransferases (aac(3)-IIa), (aac(6)-Ib), sulfonamide/trimethoprim resistant dihydropteroate synthase (sul), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA), and quinolone resistance protein (qnrB1) were also identified. Monitoring wastewater from human sources for acquired resistance in clinically important bacteria may provide a cheaper alternative in regions facing challenges that limit clinical surveillance.

RNA-seq datasets of field soybean cultures conditioned by Elice16Indures® biostimulator.

The herbal drug-containing plant conditioner Elice16Indures® may help elicit plant immune responses in field dicotyledonous cultures. Application of this conditioner is also allowed in organic farming and recommended its drone spraying application in small doses. In this way, even distribution and better yields may be reached leading to economical and safe plant growing. The high protein content soy is an important food both in animal and human aspects which ecological cultivation is gaining prominence over GMO technology in the European Union. We present RNA-seq datasets of control and Elice16Indures treated soybean plants cultivated in field conditions from 01/05/2020 to 20/07/2020. For RNA seq experiments six samples were collected from vegetative tissues two times during the vegetation cycle: before and in flowering after 48 h of drone exposure. The 86 bp long Illumina NextSeq 550 reads were preprocessed and deposited in the NCBI SRA database. De novo assembly of combined read sets was performed and transcripts were deposited in the NCBI TSA database. Data of functional analysis of annotated transcripts are presented. The SRA and TSA datasets are under the Bioproject accession PRJNA778970. The presented datasets may help new strategies of ecological production of soy.

Time-course gene expression profiling data of Triticum aestivum treated by supercritical CO2 garlic extract encapsulated in nanoscale liposomes.

The biostimulant phytochemicals as alternatives to synthetic chemicals are gaining ground in sustainable agricultural production nowadays. The medicinal herb, garlic (Allium sativum) has a spectacular therapeutic reputation due to its antimicrobial properties. The effectiveness of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of A. sativum could help preserve bioactive compounds and be used as a biostimulant agent. The SC-CO2 garlic was formulated in liposomes and used as a nanoscale drug delivery system to reach better efficiency of penetration and translocation. The SC-CO2 garlic extracts were used in Triticum aestivum time-course experiments to monitor conditioning effects such as improving crop quality and priming its defense responses against different pathogens. Fresh leaves were collected after SC-CO2 garlic exposure at 15 min, 24, and 48 hours for QuantSeq 3' mRNA sequencing at Illumina NextSeq 550 platform. RNA quantification datasets are presented. Raw data such as Illumina 85bp single-end read sequences and reconstructed transcripts were deposited in the NCBI SRA and TSA databases under the BioProject PRJNA808851. Functional annotation of transcripts and time-course expression data are presented here to support gene expression analysis experiments.

Transcriptome datasets of ß-Aminobutyric acid (BABA)-primed mono- and dicotyledonous plants, Hordeum vulgare and Arabidopsis thaliana.

The non-protein amino acid ß-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) may trigger the immune responses of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses leading to a long-term resistance (primed state). We present RNA-seq datasets of BABA - primed mono- and dicotyledonous plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Hordeum vulgare. Illumina NextSeq550 sequencing were carried out after 72 h of BABA exposure. 87 bp long sequence reads were preprocessed of treated and control samples and deposited in the NCBI SRA database. Transcriptome datasets were de novo assembled of each species and deposited in the NCBI TSA database. These SRA and TSA depositions are under the Bioproject accession: PRJNA791573. Pairwise differential expression with enrichment analyses were performed and the most specific DEGs were determined and annotated in both plants.

New complete mitogenome datasets and their characterization of the European catfish (Silurus glanis).

We present new complete mitogenome sequences of Silurus glanis (S. glanis) from 4 samples such as male and female individuals from two countries (Hungary, Czech Republic). The complete mitochondria were determined from genome sequencing by using Illumina MiSeq platform resulting in long, 300 bp. paired-end reads. De novo assembly was performed resulting in one nod (scaffold) covering the total mitochondria in each sample. The mitochondrial genomes were circular, double-stranded molecules of 16,524 bp in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 control region. These sequences were deposited in the NCBI GeneBank under the accession numbers (MW796040, MW796041, MW796042, MW796043) and compared with the only available S. glanis mitochondrial genome (NC_014261.1) sequenced by unidentified technology and showed 99% similarity. We found in seq1 82, in seq2 82, seq3 83, seq4 82 nucleotide alterations involving 10 protein-coding genes and meaning 29 amino acid substitutions as well.

An Alternative, High Throughput Method to Identify Csd Alleles of the Honey Bee.

Applying instrumental insemination in closely related honey bee colonies often leads to frequent lethality of offspring causing colony collapse. This is due to the peculiarities of honey bee reproductive biology, where the complementary sex determination (csd) gene drives sex determination within a haplodiploid system. Diploid drones containing homozygous genotypes are lethal. Tracking of csd alleles using molecular markers prevents this unwanted event in closed breeding programs. Our approach described here is based on high throughput sequencing (HTS) that provides more data than traditional molecular techniques and is capable of analysing sources containing multiple alleles, including diploid individuals as the bee queen. The approach combines HTS technique and clipping wings as a minimally invasive method to detect the complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles directly from honey bee queens. Furthermore, it might also be suitable for screening alleles of honey harvested from hives of a closed breeding facility. Data on alleles of the csd gene from different honey bee subspecies are provided. It might contribute to future databases that could potentially be used to track the origin of honey. With the help of tracking csd alleles, more focused crossings will be possible, which could in turn accelerate honey bee breeding programmes targeting increase tolerance against varroosis as well.

Different expression pattern of flowering pathway genes contribute to male or female organ development during floral transition in the monoecious weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae).

The highly allergenic and invasive weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is a monoecius plant with separated male and female flowers. The genetic regulation of floral morphogenesis is a less understood field in the reproduction biology of this species. Therefore the objective of this work was to investigate the genetic control of sex determination during floral organogenesis. To this end, we performed a genome-wide transcriptional profiling of vegetative and generative tissues during the plant development comparing wild-growing and in vitro cultivated plants. RNA-seq on Illumina NextSeq 500 platform with an integrative bioinformatics analysis indicated differences in 80 floral gene expressions depending on photoperiodic and endogenous initial signals. Sex specificity of genes was validated based on RT-qPCR experiments. We found 11 and 16 uniquely expressed genes in female and male transcriptomes that were responsible particularly to maintain fertility and against abiotic stress. High gene expression of homologous such as FD, FT, TFL1 and CAL, SOC1, AP1 were characteristic to male and female floral meristems during organogenesis. Homologues transcripts of LFY and FLC were not found in the investigated generative and vegetative tissues. The repression of AP1 by TFL1 homolog was demonstrated in male flowers resulting exclusive expression of AP2 and PI that controlled stamen and carpel formation in the generative phase. Alterations of male and female floral meristem differentiation were demonstrated under photoperiodic and hormonal condition changes by applying in vitro treatments.

Illumina sequencing of the chloroplast genome of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.).

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is the most widespread weed and the most dangerous pollen allergenic plant in large areas of the temperate zone. Since herbicides like PSI and PSII inhibitors have their target genes in the chloroplast genome, understanding the chloroplast genome may indirectly support the exploration of herbicide resistance and development of novel control methods. The aim of the present study was to sequence and reconstruct for the chloroplast genome of A. artemisiifolia and establish a molecular dataset. We used an Illumina MiSeq protocol to sequence the chloroplast genome of isolated intact organelles of ragweed plants grown in our experimental garden. The assembled chloroplast genome was found to be 152,215 bp (GC: 37.6%) in a quadripartite structure, where 80 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes were annotated in total. We also report the complete sequence of 114 genes encoded in A. artemisiifolia chloroplast genome supported by both MIRA and Velvet de novo assemblers and ordered to Helianthus annuus L. using the Geneious software.

Comment on the publication of Amiryousefi et al. (2017).

This announcement describes corrections and comments to the paper entitled 'The plastid genome sequence of the invasive plant common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Asteraceae)' by A Amiryousefi, J Hyvönen, P Poczai.

Regulation of unbalanced redox homeostasis induced by the expression of wild-type HIV-1 viral protein R (NL4-3Vpr) in fission yeast.

The wild-type viral protein R (Vpr) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 exerts multiple effects on cellular activities during infection, including the induction of cell cycle G2 arrest and the death of human cells and cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In this study, wild-type Vpr (NL4-3Vpr) integrated as a single copy gene in S. pombe chromosome was used to investigate the molecular impact of Vpr on cellular oxidative stress. NL4-3Vpr triggered an atypical response in early (14-h), and a wellregulated oxidative stress response in late (35-h) log-phase cultures. Specifically, NL4-3Vpr expression induced oxidative stress in the 14-h cultures leading, to decreased levels of superoxide anion (O(2)(·-)), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and glutathione (GSH), and significantly decreased activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione S-transferase. In the 35-h cultures, elevated levels of O(2)(·-) and peroxides were accompanied by increased activities of most antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that the Vpr-induced unbalanced redox state of the cells might contribute to the adverse effects in HIV-infected patients.